Although there are many places that talk about setting git console colors, they usually only give a subset of them and not the complete list. As of 2015, this is the most complete list I could come up with.
Add these settings to you ~/.gitconfig file.
For windows this is located in C:\User\[login]\.gitconfig
For complete documentation can be found here.
[color] ui = auto branch = auto|always|false diff = auto|always|false grep = auto|always|false interactive = auto|always|false pager = true|false showBranch = auto|always|false status = auto|always|false[color "branch"] current = yellow reverse local = yellow remote = green upstream = cyan plain = white[color "diff"] context = white meta = yellow bold frag = magenta bold old = red bold new = green bold commit = cyan whitespace = red reverse[color "decorate"] branch = green remoteBranch = cyan tag = yellow stash = magenta[color "grep"] context = white filename = green function = cyan linenumber = gray match = yellow matchContext = yellow bold matchSelected = yellow reverse selected = white reverse separator = gray[color "interactive"] prompt = white header = white help = white error = red[color "status"] added = yellow changed = green untracked = cyan branch = cyan nobranch = magenta unmerged = red